Levels of organization of the body

Okay, so it all starts with chemicals.
Chemicals form molecules
Molecules make up cells
Groups of similar types of cells make tissues
Tissues come together to form organs
Organs that work close together make organ systems
Organ systems all work together to form an organism.
That's you: an organism that is a group of organ systems, made of organs, which are made of tissues, formed by cells, that are comprised of chemicals.

Types of epithelium

Simple squamous

Single layer of flattened cells with disc-shaped nuclei and sparse cytoplasm.

Found in the kidney glomeruli, lining of heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and serosae.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Simple cuboidal

Single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei.

Present in kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, and ovary surface.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Simple columnar

Single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei; many contain cilia.

Non-ciliated type line digestive tract and gallbladder.

Ciliated type line small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pseudo-stratified columnar

Single layer of cells with different heights; some do not reach the free surface.

Present in the male sperm-carrying ducts (non-ciliated) and trachea (ciliated).

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Stratified squamous

Thick membrane composed of several layers of cells.

Forms the external part of the skin’s epidermis (keratinized cells), and linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina (non-keratinized cells).

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Stratified cuboidal

Quite rare in the body.

Found in some sweat and mammary glands.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Stratified columnar

Limited distribution in the body.

Found in the pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Transitional

Several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal, surface cells are dome shaped.

Lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra.

Medical terminology- Body planes

Sagittal- Divided into left & right
Midsagittal- Sagittal line that lies on the midline
Frontal or coronal- Divided into anterior and posterior
Transverse or horizontal- Divided into superior and inferior parts
Oblique- Diagonal

Homeostasis Lab

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Medical terminology

Anatomical position- Body is standing up straight with palms turned up and thumbs pointing away from body. Superior- On the top or above.
Inferior- On the bottom or lower.
Anterior- On the front.
Posterior- On the back.
Medial- In the middle.
Lateral- To the side.
Intermediate- In between.
Proximal- Close in relation to something else. Ex- The shoulder is proximal to the torso.
Distal- Far from something else. Ex- The finger is distal to the torso.
Superficial- On the surface of the skin.
Deep- Underneath the skin.
Axial- Head, neck and trunk.
Appendicular- Limbs.